The casing shape and construction details depend on whether it is a high pressure hp or low pressure lp casings. Steam turbines startups 1 principles of steam turbines startups. In this article, we will discuss steam turbine basic parts. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Types of steam turbines turbines info wind turbine. Steam can be used as the motive fluid for turning a steam turbine andor to provide heat to or extract heat from a process. All steam turbines can be classified into two categories.
In this chapter we will consider ideal steam power cycles including isentropic turbines and pumps. U s combustion products inc, ketchum, id 2087255781. The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. The main parts of a steam turbine are 1 the rotor that carries the blading to convert the thermal energy of the steam into the rotary motion. Today we will learn about what is turbine and types of turbines used in mechanical industries. Unlike with reciprocating engines, for instance, compression, heating and expansion are.
Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. Steam turbine replacement parts ge power generation. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical energy on a rotating output shaft. Main component on steam power plant power plant technology. Consists of springopposed rotating weights, a steam valve, and an interconnecting linkage or servo motor system.
Types of steam turbine an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss both of these have double casings with the exhaust steam circulating in the annular space between the casings as in the case of the high pressure turbine. The main parts of a steam turbine are 1 the rotor that carries the blading to convert the thermal energy of the steam into the rotary motion of the shaft, 2 the casing, inside of which the rotor turns, that serves as a pressure vessel for containing the steam it also accommodates fixed nozzle passages or stator vanes through which the. Introduction to steam turbine parts of steam turbine and. Today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. Schofield ge company schenectady, ny introduction the need to provide stateoftheart products for a diverse and everchanging market is the chal lenge facing steam turbinegenerator manufactur ers in the 90s. Extraction steam is a steam taken from certain stages in a steam turbine that is used for many things, such as preheating water feedwater before boiler entry, turbine sealing system, sootblower system, etc. With over eighty years of experience we support and assist our customers with advanced engineering, production and quality expertise. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Main component on steam power plant steam power plant is a thermal power plant consists of main components and auxiliary components as well.
We have heard many time the word turbine, but most of us dont know more about it. Similarly, if the turbine also has a reheated steam supply, intermediate pressure ip turbine intercept valves are provided to isolate the steam. Keeping rated main steam pressure results into throttling loss. A steam turbine locomotive engine is a steam locomotive driven by a steam turbine. Recent technologies for steam turbines fuji electric. The turbine speed is controlled by varying the steam flow through the turbine by positioning the governor valve. The sphere will rotate along with its shaft, tubular steam rings and two.
Performance 16 93 hiope the rankine cycle, the basic cycle used for electric power generation, mainly consists of four components. Global steam turbine expertise has a local facethe ge representative in your area has instant access to the latest parts technology research and development. Kaplan turbine is an axial reaction flow turbine and has adjustable blades if water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of the shaft, the turbine is known as the axial flow turbine and if the head of the inlet of the turbine is the sum of pressure energy and kinetic energy during the flow of water through a runner a part of pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, the. Steam generator nuclear or boiler conventional turbines condenser main condensate pumps deaerating feed tank reserve feed tanks main feed pumps main steam cycle background. Turbine is an engine that converts energy of fluid into mechanical. Steam power cycles part i ideal rankine and reheat cycles we introduced the basic steam power plant in chapter 4b, however we could only evaluate the turbine and feedwater pump after we introduced the concept of entropy in chapter 6a. The governor sense turbine shaft speed through direct connection, wormworm wheel, or magnetic impulse from a gear.
Pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine in which the pressure energy of water is converted into kinetic energy to form high speed water jet and this jet strikes the wheel tangentially to make it rotate. Three basic phases can be distinguished in the process of steam turbine unit. Fuel boilers are commonly used to generate steam required for steam. Parts and functions of steam turbine rotor stem chest casing over speed trip system governor system steam chest and the casing. A pressure drop also occurs from the turbine extraction flange to the heater.
Gas turbines as a whole system has a axial compressor at the inlet. Unlike with reciprocating engines, for instance, compression, heating and expansion are continuous and. Steamcturbine power plant which is sometime known as coal based power plant or thermal power plant, is a major source of electrical energy for any country. Combined heat and power technology fact sheets series. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. This video show you understanding how to assembly the steam turbine. Varma turbine parts will be less prone to rust, erosion, wear and tear. Both of these steam turbine types have their own operating schemes and benefits which are described here in detail. Parts of the main steam cycle four phases of the cycle. And this device to control the amount of steam flowing from the valve turbine main steam control valve and the by changing its opening, and there governor last for speeding over speed governor intervenes when increasing the speed of the turbine suddenly to more than 10% of the speed controlled to shut off the steam inlet valve.
Steam turbine convert a part of the energy of the steam evidenced by high temperature and. Steam turbine is device where kinetic energy heat converted into mechanical energy in shape of rotation. Most modern passenger and military aircraft are powered by gas turbine engines, which are also called jet engines. At stork we understand the challenges of planned or unplanned overhauls of your businesscritical equipment. An example of the latter is the use of steam to remove heat from certain of the gas turbines cooling systems in integrated steamwater cooled gas turbine cycles. Parts and functions of steam turbine power plant tutorials. Parts of a gas turbine, popularly called as jet engine. Paper open access design and analysis of steam turbine.
The steam turbines are widely used in power generation, refineries and petrochemical industries. Steam turbines have relatively good part load performance, but. Steam turbines may be classified into different categories depending on their construction, working pressures, size and many other parameters. Jet engines come in a variety of shapes and sizes but all jet engines have certain parts in common on this page we have a computer model of a basic turbojet engine which you can animate by using the buttons below the picture. Figure 1 shows the hightemperature materials technologies used in the major components of a large capacity steam turbine, and these items are described in detail below. Using the original designs and service history of your assets, we can provide parts that will work seamlessly with. Steam turbine gets heat energy in the form of superheated steam from steam generator. All steam turbines have the same basic parts, though theres a lot of variation in how theyre arranged. General electric, low pressure main engine steam turbine parts for cross compound type turbines. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. Steam turbines generally were used as a main engine in several kinds of ships which need more power to propel during 1800s and the mid of the 20th century. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants steam turbine components and systems r.
Steam is coming from nozzles when passed through a single set of moving blades called single stage steam turbine and to flow multistages of moving blades called multistages steam turbine. Rotor is the heart of the steam turbine and it affects the efficiency of the steam turbine. The condensing steam turbine is a conventional steam turbine in which the steam exiting the turbine exhaust is condensed to provide the maximum energy capture. This is also part of the first cost subsequent costs include the value of fuel, replacement parts and equipment, as well as maintenance.
Turbine is a device which convert kinetic energy of fluid into mechanical energy. This is the type of steam turbine that will be used in a bottoming cycle chp plant in which waste heat or energy from an industrial process is used to raise steam to generate electricity. There are two distinct designs for steam turbines impulse and reaction turbines. The application of better alloys for steam turbine valves makes it possible to increase the maintenance cycle from two to four or even six years, while increasing the operational reliability of the valve. Steam turbine technology kth royal institute of technology web. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control.
In the pipeline extraction steam shall be installed. Introduction to steam turbine parts of steam turbine and its function introduction to steam turbines a steam turbine is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy by turning the blades of a rotor. The steam turbine generator is the primary power conversion. These main steam valves permit steam entry into the high pressure hp turbine. Turbine stages, comprising nozzlestator and rotor blade rows. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy. It is a spiral type of casing that has decreasing cross section area.
In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Steam turbine blades look a bit like propeller blades but are made from highperformance alloys because the steam flowing past is hot, at high pressure, and traveling fast. Through optimal application of technology and proven expertise, stork turbo blading is unmatched in its ability to produce the blades in. Definitions of each phase components involved with phases presstemp relationships parts of main steam cycle. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. In its simplest form, a steam turbine consist of a boiler steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump and a variety of auxiliary devices. The performance of a power plant is influenced not only by the steam turbines, but also by the choice of steam turbine cycle. Load demand, financial pressures and aging steam turbine generators have created the need to extend longevity and reliability. Elimination of main steam valve failures removes risks of turbine overspeed events and. For low and moderate inlet steam pressure up to 120 bar, a single shell. According to the blade and wheels arrangement, it may be divided following categories. There is a pressure drop between the turbine stage and the extraction flange.
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